Baby reflux - when bringing up milk is normal and when it's not

Last reviewed: July 2026 | Sources: NHS, NICE NG1

Few things generate as much laundry as a baby with reflux. Bringing up small amounts of milk during or shortly after a feed is extremely common - the NHS describes it as very common and something that usually gets better on its own.

Why it happens

The ring of muscle at the top of a baby's stomach is still immature and lets milk travel back up easily. In most babies, this muscle strengthens over the first year and the problem resolves without treatment.

Normal reflux vs GORD

Simple reflux (GOR) involves bringing up milk or being sick during or shortly after feeding, coughing or hiccupping when feeding, and being unsettled during feeds. Some babies have silent reflux - they show discomfort but don't actually bring milk up.

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is reflux that causes significant symptoms or complications. Most babies have GOR and do not need medical treatment.

What helps

Hold your baby upright during and after feeds. Burp them regularly during feeds. Ask your health visitor to check feeding positioning. Do not raise the head of the cot - this is no longer recommended as it can increase the risk of sliding into an unsafe sleeping position.

Cow's milk connection

NICE NG1 notes that cow's milk protein allergy can present with very similar symptoms to reflux. If your baby isn't improving with practical measures, your GP may investigate this, especially if there's eczema or a family history of allergy.

Get urgent help if your baby has:

Green or yellow vomit (possible bowel obstruction - always urgent). Projectile vomiting. Blood in their vomit or poo. A swollen or tender tummy. Signs of dehydration. Won't stop crying and is very distressed. Is refusing to feed. Reflux starting for the first time after six months of age.

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Sources

NHS - Reflux in babies ยท NICE NG1 - GORD in children

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