Eczema affects around 1 in 5 children in the UK. It often appears in the first year of life and for many children improves significantly by school age. Managing it well early on can reduce flare-ups and discomfort.
What eczema looks like
In babies, eczema typically appears on the cheeks, forehead, and scalp, and can spread to the creases of elbows and knees. The skin is dry, itchy, and may be red (on lighter skin) or darker/ashen (on darker skin). During flare-ups, the skin can become weepy, crusted, or cracked.
Daily management - emollients
The foundation of eczema treatment is regular moisturising with emollients - not just during flare-ups but every day, even when the skin looks clear. Apply generously at least twice a day, and after every bath. Use emollient as a soap substitute too - regular soap strips the skin's natural oils.
The best emollient is the one your child will tolerate. Ointments (thick, greasy) are more effective than creams but messier. Your GP can prescribe these on repeat prescription - you'll go through a lot. Apply by smoothing in the direction of hair growth, not rubbing.
Common triggers
Triggers vary between children but commonly include: biological washing powder (switch to non-bio), bubble bath and soap (use emollient instead), overheating, rough fabrics against the skin (cotton is best), pet dander, and house dust mites. Keep a simple diary to identify your child's specific triggers.
Flare-up treatment
When eczema flares despite regular emollients, your GP may prescribe a mild topical steroid (like hydrocortisone 1%). Used correctly - thin layer on affected areas only, for short courses - topical steroids are safe and effective. The fear of steroids is often worse than the reality, and undertreating eczema causes more harm (broken sleep, infection risk, skin damage from scratching) than appropriate steroid use.
Eczema and food allergies
Around a third of children with moderate-to-severe eczema also have a food allergy. If your baby's eczema is not responding well to treatment, your GP may suggest allergy testing. However, most mild eczema is not caused by food and elimination diets should not be tried without medical guidance.